What is the difference between formative and summative evaluation?

The distinction between formative and summative evaluation lies primarily in their timing and purpose within the training process. Formative evaluation is designed to assess and enhance learning during the training or instructional process. It occurs continuously, allowing for real-time feedback that can be used to improve the training while it is still taking place. This ongoing assessment helps identify what's working well and what needs adjustment, supporting learner engagement and maximizing effectiveness.

On the other hand, summative evaluation is conducted at the conclusion of an instructional unit or training program. Its primary aim is to measure the overall effectiveness and impact of the training on the learners' performance and outcomes. Summative evaluations are often used to determine whether the training objectives have been achieved and to provide a final judgment about its efficacy.

This understanding clarifies why the correct answer highlights that formative evaluation is ongoing, reflecting its role in the development and improvement of the training experience, while summative evaluation occurs after the training is complete.